STRUCTURE OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND MECHANISM OF STABILIZATION OF THE GRAIN STRUCTURE OF STEELS BY STEP HEATING TO AUSTENIZATION TEMPERATURES

KUKAREKO Vladimir A., D. Sc. in Phys. and Math., Prof., Head of the Center of Structural Research and Tribo-Mechanical Testing of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Products of Collective Use, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

GRIGORCHIK Aleksandr N., Ph. D. in Eng., Deputy Head of the Center of Structural Research and Tribo-Mechanical Testing of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Products of Collective Use, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

CHICHIN Aleksey N., Process Engineer, OJSC “Minsk Tractor Works”, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

An analysis of the existing information on the structural state of grain boundaries in metals and the effect of impurities on grain growth during high-temperature heating is carried out. It is established that the heating rate in the interval of phase α→γ transformation has a great influence on the kinetics of growth of austenitic grain. Based on experimental and published data, a model is proposed that describes the mechanism of formation and growth of austenitic grains in steels upon heating at different speeds. It is concluded that slow heating of steel in the interval of phase α→γ transformation leads to the formation of grains with predominantly high-angle misorientation and adsorption at the boundaries of impurity atoms, which contributes to the stabilization of the grain structure.

grain boundaries, structure, impurity atoms, growth of austenitic grain, step heating

1. Kukareko V.A. Zakonomernosti rosta austenitnogo zerna v stali 18KhNVA [Regularities of growth of austenitic grain in steel 18KhNVA]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka [Metal science and heat treatment], 1981, no. 9, pp. 15–17.
2. Kukareko V.A., Valko A.L., Chichin A.N. Vliyanie skorosti tsementiruemykh konstruktsionnykh staley na rost austenitnogo zerna pri vysokotemperaturnoy vyderzhke [The influence of the heating rate of cemented constructional steels on the growth of austenitic grain in the process of high-temperature holding]. Vestsi Natsyyanalnay akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya fizikatekhnichnykh navuk [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series], 2018, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 399–406.
3. Kukareko V.A., Valko A.L., Chichin A.N. Vliyanie rezhima nagreva konstruktsionnykh staley pri vysokotemperaturnoy tsementatsii na velichinu austenitnogo zerna [Impact of the mode of construction steels heating at high-temperature cementation on the amount of austenite grain]. Aktualnye voprosy mashinovedeniya [Topical issues of mechanical engineering], 2017, iss. 6, pp. 372–375.
4. Gulyaev A.P., Leshchinskaya R.P. Naftalinistyy izlom bystrorezhushchey stali [Naphthalene fracture of high-speed steel]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov [Metal science and heat treatment of metals], 1963, no. 9, pp. 22–27.
5. Novikov I.I. Defekty kristallicheskogo stroeniya metallov [Defects in the crystal structure of metals]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1983. 232 p.
6. Grabski M.W. Struktura granic ziarn w metalach. Katowice, Śląsk, 1969.
7. Mott N.F. Slip at Grain Boundaries and Grain Growth in Metals. Proceedings of the Physical Society, 1948, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 391–394.
8. Smoluchowski R. Theory of Grain Boundary Diffusion. Physical Review, 1952, vol. 87, pp. 482–487.
9. Li J.C.M. High-Angle Tilt Boundary – A Dislocation Core Model. Journal of Applied Physics, 1961, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 525–534.
10. McLean D. Grain boundaries in metals. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957.
11. Gleiter H., Chalmers B. High-Angle Grain Boundaries. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1972.
12. Read W.T., Shockley W. Dislocation Models of Crystal Grain Boundaries. Physical Review, 1950, vol. 78, pp. 275–289.
13. Read W.Т. Dislocations in Crystals. London, McGraw-Hill, 1953. 256 p.
14. Gjostein N.A., Rhines F.N. Absolute interfacial energies of [001] tilt and twist grain boundaries in copper. Acta Materialia, 1959, vol. 7, pp. 319–330.
15. Cahn R.W. Physical metallurgy. 1st ed. New York, Wiley, 1965. 1100 p.
16. Bokshteyn S.Z. Diffuziya i struktura metallov [Diffusion and structure of metals]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1973. 208 p.
17. Lukke K., Detert K. A quantitative theory of grain-boundary motion and recrystallization in metals in the presence of impurities. Acta Materialia, 1957, vol. 5, pp. 628–637.
18. Cahn R.W., Haasen P. Physical metallurgy. 3rd ed. New York, North-Holland Physics Pub., 1983. 2050 p.
19. Gorelik S.S. Rekristallizatsiya metallov i splavov [Recrystallization of metals and alloys]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1978. 568 p.
20. Leslie W.C., Michalak J.T., Aul F.W. Iron and its dilute solid solutions. New York, Interscience Publ., 1963. 119 р.
21. Burke J.E., Turnbull D. Recrystallization and grain growth. Progress in Metal Physics, 1952, vol. 3, pp. 220–244.
22. Gulyaev A.P. Metallovedenie [Metal science]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1986. 647 p.
23. Vinokur B.B., Pilyushenko V.L., Kasatkin O.G. Struktura konstruktsionnoy legirovannoy stali [Structure of structural alloyed steel]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ, 1983. 216 p.
24. Zagulyaeva S.V., Vinograd M.I. Rost austenitnogo zerna v konstruktsionnoy stali [Austenitic grain growth in structural steel]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov [Metal science and heat treatment of metals], 1971, no. 7, pp. 2–7.
25. Van Vlack L. Elements of Materials Science and Engineering. Addison-Wesley, 1989. 598 p.
26. Li J.C.M. Possibility of Subgrain Rotation during Recrystallization. Journal of Applied Physics, 1962, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 2958–2965.
27. Hu H. Annealing of Silicon Iron Single Crystals. Recovery and Recrystallization of Metals, 1963, pp. 311–378.
28. Vinograd M.I., Ulyanina L.Yu., Fayvilevich G.A. O mekhanizme rosta zerna austenita v konstruktsionnoy stali [On the mechanism of austenite grain growth in structural steel]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov [Metal science and heat treatment of metals], 1975, no. 2, pp. 5–9.
29. Gulyaev A.P., Serebrennikova L.N. Vliyanie raznozernistosti na mekhanicheskie svoystva stali 18Kh2N4VA [Effect of grain size on the mechanical properties of steel 18Kh2N4VA]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov [Metal science and heat treatment of metals], 1977, no. 4, pp. 2–11.
30. Li Y.J., Kostka A., Choi P., Goto S., Ponge D., Kirchheim R., Raabe D. Mechanisms of subgrain coarsening and its effect on the mechanical properties of carbon-supersaturated nanocrystalline hypereutectoid steel. Acta Materialia, 2015, vol. 84, pp. 110–123.
31. Kukareko V.A., Gatsuro V.M., Grigorchik A.N., Chichin A.N. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie i mekhanizm polucheniya austenitnogo zerna pri vysokotemperaturnom nagreve legkikh konstruktsionnykh elementov [Mathematical modeling and mechanism of coarsening of austenitic grain at hightemperature heating of alloyed structural steels]. Mekhanika mashin, mekhanizmov i materialov [Mechanics of machines, mechanisms and materials], 2019, no. 3(48), pp. 58–68.
32. Novikov I.I. Teoriya termicheskoy obrabotki metallov [Theory of heat treatment of metals]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1986. 480 p.
33. Sadovskiy V.D. Strukturnaya nasledstvennost v stali [Structural heredity in steel]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1973. 208 p.
34. Popov A.A. Fazovye prevrashcheniya v metallicheskie elementy [Phase transformations in metal alloys]. Moscow, Metallurgizdat Publ., 1950. 311 p.
35. Rose A., Strassburg W. Darstellung der Austenitbildung untereutektoidischer Stahle in Zeit-Temperatur-Auflosungs-Schaubildern. Stahl und Eisen, 1956, vol. 76, no. 15, pp. 976–983.
36. Bernshteyn M.L., Rakhshtadt A.G. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka stali. Tom 2. Osnovy termicheskoy obrabotki [Metal science and heat treatment of steel. Volume 2. Basics of heat treatment]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1983. 368 p.
37. Bernshteyn M.L., Zaymovskiy V.A., Kaputkina L.M. Termomekhanicheskaya obrabotka stali [Thermomechanical treatment of steel]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1983. 480 p.