Smart Search 


1_2026_sen_9

Title of the article EFFECT OF VACUUM-ARC ANNEALING OF TiN COATINGS ON THEIR PEEL LOAD AND RESISTANCE TO FRETTING WEAR
Authors

KUSHNEROU Andrey V., Researcher of the Center of Structural Research and Tribomechanical Testing of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Products of the R&D Center “Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Processing Equipment”, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

BELYANKO Yuriy V., Technician of the Center of Structural Research and Tribomechanical Testing of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Products of the R&D Center “Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Processing Equipment”, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

KONSTANTINOV Stanislav V., Ph. D. in Phys. and Math., Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher of the Elionics Laboratory, A.N. Sevchenko Institute of Applied Physical Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

KONSTANTINOV Valeriy M., D. Sc. in Eng., Prof., Head of the Department “Materials Science in Mechanical Engineering”, Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

SHOUKAVAYA Tatyana V., Ph. D. in Phys. and Math., Assoc. Prof., Senior Researcher, Scientific and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Materials Science, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 
In the section MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Year 2026
Issue 1(74)
Pages 75–80
Type of article RAR
Index UDK 620.178.16, 621.793, 621.891
DOI https://doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2026-1-74-75-80
Abstract The effect of vacuum-arc annealing of TiN coating on its wear resistance under fretting conditions and peel load is studied. It is found that the coating in the initial state contains TiN with a face-centered cubic lattice and Ti with a hexagonal close-packed lattice, and its phase composition does not change during annealing at 300–500 °C. After annealing the coating at 550 ℃, TiN, Ti and TiO2 are recorded in its phase composition. It is shown that annealing the coating at 350–400 ℃ contributes to an increase in fretting wear resistance by 10 % and an increase in the peel load. As a result of annealing at 450–500 ℃, the peel load remains at a high level, and after annealing at 550 ℃, it drops sharply. At the same time, the wear resistance of the coatings in the annealing temperature range of 450–550 ℃ decreases by 20 %. It is concluded that the increase in the coating peeling load after annealing at 350–500 ℃ is due to the formation of a film of lower titanium oxides on the coating surface, which act as a solid lubricant and prevent the nucleation of dislocations, as well as the appearance of microcracks at the coating-substrate boundary during scratch testing. The reduction of peel load as a result of annealing at 550℃ and wear resistance after annealing at 450–550 ℃ is caused by softening of the coating.
Keywords TiN coatings, vacuum-arc deposition, annealing, nanohardness, peel load, wear resistance, fretting
  You can access full text version of the article
Bibliography
  1. Geringer J., Forest B., Combrade P. Fretting-corrosion of materials used as orthopaedic implants. Wear, 2005, vol. 259, iss. 7–12, pp. 943–951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.027. 
  2. Korsunsky A.M., Torosyan A.R., Kim K. Development and characterization of low friction coatings for protection against fretting wear in aerospace components. Thin solid film, 2008, vol. 516, iss. 16, pp. 5690–5699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tsf.2007.07.056. 
  3. Golego N.L., Alyabev A.Ya., Shevelya V.V. Fretting-korroziya metallov [Fretting corrosion of metals]. Kiev, Tekhnika Publ., 1974. 270 p. (in Russ.). 
  4. Ma L., Eom K., Geringer J., Jun T.-S., Kim K. Literature review on fretting wear and contact mechanics of tribological coatings. Coatings, 2019, vol. 9, iss. 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings9080501. 
  5. Alisin V.V., et al. Trenie, iznashivanie i smazka. Kn. 1 [Friction, wear and lubrication. Book 1]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1978. 400 p. (in Russ.). 
  6. Drozdov Yu.N., Pavlov V.G., Puchkov V.N. Trenie i iznos v ekstremalnykh usloviyakh [Friction and wear in extreme conditions]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1986. 224 p. (in Russ.). 
  7. Emelyanov V.A., Ivanov I.A., Mrochek Zh.A. Vakuumno-plazmennye sposoby formirovaniya zashchitnykh i uprochnyayushchikh pokrytiy [Vacuum-plasma methods for the formation of protective and strengthening coatings]. Minsk, Bestprint Publ., 1998. 284 p. (in Russ.).  
  8. Dorodnov A.M., Petrosov V.A. O fizicheskikh printsipakh i tipakh vakuumnykh tekhnologicheskikh ustroystv [On the physical principles and types of vacuum technological devices]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki, 1981, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 504–524 (in Russ.). 
  9. Musil J. Hard nanocomposite coatings: thermal stability, oxidation resistance and toughness. Surface and coatings technology, 2012, vol. 207, pp. 50–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surf coat.2012.05.073. 
  10. Gleiter H. Nanocrystalline materials. Progress in materials science, 1989, vol. 33, iss. 4, pp. 223–315. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/0079-6425(89)90001-7. 
  11. Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and dis-placement sensing indentation experiments. Journal of materials research, 1992, vol. 7, iss. 6, pp. 1564–1583. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1564. 
  12. Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M. Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. Journal of materials research, 2004, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 3–20. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3. 
  13. Kushnerou A.V., Shapar V.A. Ustanovka i metodika eksperimentalnykh issledovaniy iznashivaniya materialov i pokrytiy v usloviyakh fretting-korrozii [The plant and methodology for experimental researches of materials and coatings wear under fretting corrosion]. Aktualnye voprosy mashinovedeniya, 2020, iss. 9, pp. 330–332 (in Russ.). 
  14. Kukareko V.А., Kushnerou A.V., Popok N.N. Vliyanie otzhiga na strukturno-fazovoe sostoyanie i fiziko-mekhanicheskie svoystva vakuumno-dugovykh pokrytiy TiN, nanesennykh na stal 9KhS [Influence of annealing on the structural-phase state and physical-mechanical properties of vacuum-arc TiN coatings applied to 9CrSi steel]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and mathematics series, 2024, vol. 60, no. 4, рр. 344–352. DOI: https://doi. org/10.29235/1561-2430-2024-60-4-344-352 (in Russ.). 
  15. Goldschmidt H.J. Interstitial alloys. New York, Springer, 1967. 632 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5880-8. 
  16.  Affonso L.O.A. Machinery failure analysis handbook: sustain your operations and maximize uptime. Gulf Publishing Company, 2006. 308 p.