Title of the article

THE INFLUENCE OF HARD NANOSIZED ADDITIVES ON THE STRUCTURE OF GREASE AND WEAR MECHANISM OF FRICTION SURFACE

Authors

Zhornik V.I., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Ivakhnik A.V., Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer n.a. A.V. Lykov of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Ivakhnik V.P., Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer n.a. A.V. Lykov of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

In the section NANOMECHANICS
Year 2010 Issue 3 Pages 85-92
Type of article RAR Index UDK 621.891.2 Index BBK  
Abstract

The production method of greases modified by nanosized diamond containing additions is developed. The produced grease is characterized by high antiscoring and antiwear properties and it provides a runningin effect. The process of interaction of the nanodiamond particles included in the lubricating composition with the friction surface is shown and the mechanism of antipitting action of nanosized diamond containing particles of the dispersed phase is developed.

Keywords

modified by nanosized diamond, high antiscoring and antiwear properties, lubricating composition, greases

   
Bibliography
  • Dolmatov V.Ju. Ul'tradispersnye almazy detonacionnogo sinteza. Poluchenie, svojstva, primenenie [Ultra diamonds of detonation synthesis. Preparation, properties, applications]. SPb., Izd-vo SPbGPU, 2003. 344 p.
  • Shhelkanov S.I., Red'kin V.E., Dokshanin S.G. Plastichnaja smazka [Grease]. Patent RF, no. 99110709/04, 2001.
  • Zhornik V.I., Ivahnik A.V. Vlijanie nanorazmernyh uglerodnyh dobavok na strukturu plastichnyh smazok i iznosostojkost' poverhnostej trenija [Effect of nanosized carbon additives on structure of greases and wear of the friction surfaces]. Uglerodnye nanostruktury: sb. nauch. tr. [Carbon nanostructures: collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2006, pp. 81-87.
  • Markova L.V., Chekan V.A. [et al.]. Razrabotka metodiki preparirovanija plastichnyh smazok dlja issledovanija ih strukturnogo karkasa metodom skanirujushhej jelektronnoj mikroskopii [Development of method of preparation of greases for study of structural frame by scanning electron microscopy]. Zavodskaja laboratorija [Factory laboratory], 2005, no. 10, pp. 19-21.
  • Kasai T. [et al.]. Application of a Non-Contacting Kelvin Probe during Sliding. Proc. Int. Conf. Wear of Materials, Atlanta, 1999, pp. 1186-1204.
  • Vityaz P.A. [et al.]. Povyshenie svojstv tribotehnicheskih materialov ih modificirovaniem tverdymi nanorazmernymi komponentami [Increasing of properties of tribological solid materials by their modifying with nanoscale components]. Izv. NAN Belarusi. Ser. fiz.-tehn. nauk [Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series physical-technical sciences], 2008, no. 4, pp. 45-49.
  • Zhornik V.I., Ivahnik A.V., Shipica N.A. Antipittingovye pokrytija poverhnostej trenija klasternym uglerodom [Antipitting coatings of friction surface by cluster carbon]. Novye materialy i tehnologii: poroshkovaja metallurgija, kompozicionnye materialy, zashhitnye pokrytija: materialy 6-oj mezhdunar. nauch.-tehn. konf. [New materials and technologies: powder metallurgy, composite materials, protective coatings: materials of the 6th Intern. scientific and engineering. conference]. Minsk, Tonpik, 2004. 193 p.
  • Vityaz P.A. [et al.]. Formirovanie iznosostojkih poverhnostnyh struktur i mehanizm frikcionnogo razrushenija pri trenii v srede smazochnogo materiala, modificirovannogo ul'tradispersnymi almazografitovymi dobavkami. Ch.2: Model' razrushenija [Formation of wear-resistant surface structures and mechanism of friction destruction during friction in lubricant modified by ultrafine diamond-graphite additives. PART 2: Model of destruction]. Trenie i iznos [Friction and wear], 2006, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 196-200.
  • Cherepanov G.P. Mehanika hrupkogo razrushenija [Mechanics of brittle fracture]. Moscow, Nauka, 1974. 203 p.
  • Panasjuk V.V., Andrejkiv A.E., Kovchik S.E. Opredelenie vjazkosti razrushenija K1S konstrukcionnyh materialov cherez mehanicheskie harakteristiki i parametr struktury [Determination of fracture toughness K1S structural materials through mechanical characteristics and structure parameters]. Fiz. him. mehanika materialov [Physico-chemical mechanics of materials], 1977, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 120-122.
  • Vityaz P.A. [et al.]. Formirovanie iznosostojkih poverhnostnyh struktur i mehanizm ih razrushenija pri trenii v srede smazochnogo materiala, modificirovannogo ul'tradispersnymi almazografitovymi dobavkami. Ch. 1: Tribotehnicheskie svojstva [Formation of wear-resistant surface structures and mechanism of their destruction during friction among lubricant modified by ultrafine diamond-graphite additives. Part 1: tribological properties]. Trenie i iznos [Friction and wear], 2006, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 61-68.

Title of the article

POWER OF MOVEMENT OF THE SPORTSMAN AT INTERACTION WITH THE ELASTIC SUPPORT

Authors

Pokatilov A.E., Mogilev State University of Food Technologies, Mogilev, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Zagrevsky V.I., Doctor of Educational Sciences, Mogilev State University n.a. A.A. Kuleshov, Mogilev, Republic of Belarus

Lavshuk D.A., Candidate of Educational Sciences, Mogilev State University n.a. A.A. Kuleshov, Mogilev, Republic of Belarus

In the section BIOMECHANICS
Year 2010 Issue 3 Pages 81-84
Type of article RAR Index UDK 531.3; 796.01 Index BBK  
Abstract

Power aspects of operated movement of the sportsman for a case of interaction with a apparatus showing elastic properties are examined. Research is executed on an example of the big turn back on a horizontal bar in sports gymnastics. In fullscale and computing experiments the opportunity of division of two systems is revealed: a apparatus and the locomotive system of the person. Their mutual influence against each other through power developed during movement is shown. At purposive movement of the sportsman applied models for movement concerning joints and concerning a sports apparatus differ in a kinematic part: in the first case power is determined on articulate angular speeds, in the second-on full angular speed of rotation of hands.

Keywords

sports gymnastics, elastic properties, movement of the sportsman

   
Bibliography
  • Artobolevskij I.I. Teorija mehanizmov i mashin [Theory of mechanisms and machines]. Moscow, Nauka, 1988. 640 p.
  • Begun P.I., Afonin P.N. Modelirovanie v biomehanike [Simulation in biomechanics]. Moscow, Vyssh. shk., 2004. 390 p.
  • Zagrevskij V.I. Modeli analiza dvizhenij biomehanicheskih sistem [Models of analysis of biomechanical systems movements]. Tomsk, Izd-vo Tomsk. un-ta, 1990. 124 p.
  • Gaverdovskij Ju.K. Tehnika gimnasticheskih uprazhnenij. Populjarnoe uchebnoe posobie [Technique of gymnastic exercises. Popular tutorial]. Moscow, Terra-Sport, 2002. 512 p.
  • Pokatilov A.E., Zagrevskij V.I., Lavshuk D.A. Biodinamicheskie issledovanija sportivnyh uprazhnenij v uslovijah uprugoj opory [Geodynamic study of sport exercise under elastic support]. Minsk, Izd. centr BGU, 2008. 279 p.
  • Pokatilov A.E. Biomehanika vzaimodejstvija sportsmena s uprugoj oporoj [Biomechanics of interaction athlete with elastic support]. Minsk, Izd. centr BGU, 2006. 351 p.

Title of the article

HEAT BUILDUP NATURE IN COLD DEFORMATION REBAR

Authors

Moyseychik E.A., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the section MECHANICS OF DEFORMED SOLIDS
Year 2010 Issue 3 Pages 69-73
Type of article RAR Index UDK 539.2 Index BBK  
Abstract

Shown that the processes of heat generation and distribution of carbon steel during the deformation are interrelated. Plastic deformation causes a redistribution of carbon in various locations of the deformed volume. Areas with large plastic deformations have a higher carbon content. At these sites during the deformation of the rod is more intense heat buildup. Sources of heat are thermochemical processes associated with the migration of carbon between dislocations and carbonsteel components. We present experimental data.

Keywords

carbon steel, heat generation and distribution, plastic deformation, thermochemical processes

   
Bibliography
  • Gridnev V.N., Trefilov V.I. Fazovye i strukturnye prevrashhenija i metastabil'nye sostojanija v metallah [Phase and structural transformations and metastable states in metals]. Kiev, Nauk. dumka, 1988. 264 p.
  • Rybin V.V. Bol'shie plasticheskie deformacii i razrushenie metallov [Large plastic deformations and fracture of metals]. Moscow, Metallurgija, 1966. 224 p.
  • Kottrell A.H. Dislokacii i plasticheskoe techenie v kristallah [Dislocations and plastic flow in crystals]. Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1958. 267 p.
  • Fridel' Zh. Dislokacii [Dislocations]. Moscow, Mir, 1967. 643 p.
  • Hirt Dzh., Lote I. Teorija dislokacij [Dislocation theory]. Moscow, Atomizdat, 1972. 600 p.
  • Beresnev G.A., Sarrak V.I., Shilov N.A. Temperaturnaja zavisimost' soprotivlenija deformacii zheleza [Temperature dependence of resistance to iron deformation]. Probl. metalloved. i fiz. metallov [Problems of physical metallurgy], 1968, no. 9(58), pp. 157-165.
  • Vinokur B.B. [et al.]. Legirovanie mashinostroitel'noj stali [Doping of machine steel]. Moscow, Metallurgija, 1977. 200 p.
  • Zhukov A.A., Krishtal M.A. O termodinamicheskoj aktivnosti komponentov splavov [On thermodynamic activity of alloy components]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaja obrabotka metallov [Metallurgy and heat treatment of metals], 1975, no. 4, pp. 70-76.
  • Kishkin S.T. Priroda uprochnenija stali i vysokoj prochnosti martensita [Nature of steel hardening and high strength martensite]. Izv. Akad. nauk SSSR. Otdelenie tehn. nauk [Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Department of technical sciences], 1946, no. 12, pp. 1799-1808.
  • Mogutnov M.M., Tomilin I.A., Shvarcman L.A. Termodinamika zhelezouglerodistyh splavov [Thermodynamics of iron-carbon alloys]. Moscow, Metallurgija, 1972. 328 p.
  • Ivanov A.M., Lukin E.S. Issledovanie razvitija plasticheskih deformacij stalej metodom teplovogo izluchenija [Investigation of plastic deformation development of steels by thermal radiation method]. Materialovedenie [Materials science], 2003, no. 6(75), pp. 27-31.
  • Mojsejchik E.A. Issledovanie predel'nogo sostojanija rastjanutyh obrazcov iz armatury klassa S500 s konstruktivno-tehnologicheskimi defektami metodami termografii [Research of limiting state of stretched samples of valves class S500 with structural and technological defects using thermography]. Problemy sovremennogo betona i zhelezobetona: dokl. II Mezhdunar. simpoziuma [Problems of modern concrete and reinforced concrete: papers of the II International symposium]. Minsk, 2009, part 1, pp. 293-305.

Title of the article

MECHANICS OF C60 FULLERENE IN THE CENTRAL FORCE FIELD APPROXIMATION

Authors

Radkevich E.A., Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Repchenkov V.I., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Chizhik S.A., Corresponding Member, Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Mikhasev G.I., Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the section MECHANICS OF DEFORMED SOLIDS
Year 2010 Issue 3 Pages 74-80
Type of article RAR Index UDK 539.3 Index BBK  
Abstract

With "Mathematica" we have developed a computer finite element model of mechanical behaviour for C60 fullerene molecule in the central force field approximation. The model has under gone virtual static tests with different loading pattern - axial compression by point force; uniform external pressure. Young modulus variation limits are determined as follows 0,29 TPa <E< 10,36 TPa, under the most realistic values of force constants in accordance with hypothetical wall "thickness" of fullerene and Poisson's ratio quantity. Evidence is given that the model shows low sensitivity to fluctuations of valence bond force constants and is much more sensitive to fluctuations of nonvalent ones. Tree times changes of force constants change the results of the calculation elastic response of structure by ~16%-41%, in the former case and by ~88%-127% in the latter.

Keywords

computer finite element model, variation limits, axial compression, virtual static tests, fluctuations of valence bond force

   
Bibliography
  • Kerl R.F. Istoki otkrytija fullerenov: jeksperiment i gipoteza [History of discovery of fullerenes: experiment and conjecture]. Uspehi fizich. nauk [Successes of physical sciences], 1998, vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 331-342.
  • Kroto G. Simmetrija, kosmos, zvezdy [Symmetry, space, stars]. Uspehi fizich. nauk [Successes of physical sciences], 1998, vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 343-358.
  • Smolli R.E. Otkryvaja fullereny [Opening fullerenes]. Uspehi fizich. nauk [Successes of physical sciences], 1998, vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 32-330.
  • Ruoff R.S., Ruoff A.L. The bulk modulus of molecules and crystals: A molecular mechanics approach. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1991, vol. 59, no. 13, pp. 1553-1555.
  • Haijun Shen. Mechanical properties and electronic structures of compressed, and fullerene molecules. J. Matter Sci., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 7337-7342.
  • Du Jing, Zeng Pan. Molecular vibrational modes of C60 and C70 via finite element method. European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, 2009, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 948-954.
  • Zverev V.V., Kovalenko V.I. Analiz struktury fullerena kvantovo-himicheskimi metodami [Analysis of structure of fullerene with quantum-chemical methods]. Zhurnal fizich. himii [Journal of phys. chemistry], 2006, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 110-116.
  • Eleckij A.V. Jendojedral'nye struktury [Endohedral structures]. Uspehi fizich. nauk [Successes of physical sciences], 2000, vol. 170, no. 2, pp. 113-142.
  • Repchenkov V.I., Nagornyj Ju.E., Syroezhkin S.V. Primenenie MKE k modelirovaniju nanostruktur [Application of MKE to nanostructures simulation]. Minsk, Belgosuniversitet, 2005. 19 p.
  • Repchenkov V.I., Nagornyj Ju.E., Repchenkova E.V. Vektornaja parametrizacija nomerov stepenej svobody i nomerov jelementov v MKE [Vector parametrization of numbers of degrees of freedom and numbers of elements in the MKE]. Minsk, Belgosuniversitet, 2003. 13 p.
  • Koptev G.S., Pentin Ju.A. Raschet kolebanij molekul [Calculation of molecular vibrations]. Moscow, MGU, 1977. 212 p.
  • Nagornyj Ju.E. [et al.]. Raschet mehanicheskih svojstv grafena v modeli valentno-silovogo polja [Calculation of mechanical properties of graphene in model of valence force field]. Teoretich. i prikl. mehanika [Theoretical and applied mechanics], 2007, no. 22, pp. 182-186.
  • Allinger N.L. Conformational Analysis. 130. MM2. A Hydrocarbon Force Field Utilizing V1 and V2 Torsional Terms. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, vol. 99, pp. 8127-8134.
  • Chunyu Li, Tsu-Wei Chou. A structural mechanics approach for the analysis of carbon nanotubes. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2003, vol. 40, pp. 2487-2499.
  • Tienchong Changa, Huajian Gaob. Size-dependent elastic properties of a single-walled carbon nanotube via a molecular mechanics model. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2003, vol. 51, pp. 1059-1074.
  • Belytschko T. [et al.]. Atomistic simulations of nanotube fracture. Phys Rev., 2002, vol. 65. B, pp. 235430-235438.
  • Brenner D.W. Empirical potential for hydrocarbons for use in simulating the chemical vapor-deposition of diamond films. Phys.Rev., 1990, vol. 42. B, pp. 9458-9471.
  • Lukasevich S. Lokal'nye nagruzki v plastinah i obolochkah [Local load in plates and shells]. Moscow, Mir, 1982. 544 p.
  • Landau L.D., Lifshic E.M. Teoreticheskaja fizika [Theoretical physics]. Moscow, Nauka, vol. VII, 1987, pp. 33-34.
  • Eleckij A.V. / Mehanichskie svojstva uglerodnyh nanostruktur i materialov na ih osnove [Mechanical properties of carbon nanostructures and related materials]. Uspehi fizich. nauk [Successes of physical sciences], 2007, vol. 177, no. 3, pp. 113-142.

Title of the article

FEATURES OF DEFORMATION DIFFERENT DETAILS’ SURFACES OF TRANSMISSION OF MOBILE MACHINES WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS HIGH FREQUENCY HARDENING

Authors

Mihlyuk A.I., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Minsk Automobile Plant, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

In the section MECHANICS OF DEFORMED SOLIDS
Year 2010 Issue 3 Pages 63-68
Type of article RAR Index UDK 536.46 Index BBK  
Abstract

Statistic facts about deformation different surfaces with simultaneous induction heat treatment of mobile machine`s details and results of optimization regimes and ways of hardening, provided minimization values of deformations are represented.

Keywords

simultaneous induction, heat treatment, optimization regimes

   
Bibliography
  • Golovin G.F. Ostatochnye naprjazhenija, prochnost' i deformacii pri poverhnostnoj zakalke tokami vysokoj chastoty [Residual stress, strength and strain at the surface hardened by high frequency]. L., Mashinostroenie, 1973. 144 p.
  • Gurchenko P.S., Mihljuk A.I. Tehnologija regulirovanija ohlazhdenija pri zakalke detalej avtomobilja [Technology of regulation of cooling during quenching car parts]. Gruzovik [Truck], 2006, no. 8, pp. 33-36.
  • Gurchenko P.S., Mihljuk A.I. Regulirovanie parametrov ohlazhdenija kak sposob povyshenija kachestva izdelij [Regulation of cooling parameters as a way to improve the quality of products]. Tehnologija, oborudovanie, avtomatizacija, nerazrushajushhij kontrol' nagreva i uprochnenija detalej na mashinostroitel'nyh predprijatijah: sb. nauch. tr. [Technology, equipment, automation, non-destructive inspection of heating and hardening of machine-building enterprises: Col. of scientific. papers]. Minsk, Tehnoprint, 2002, pp. 73-78.
  • Shepeljakovskij K.Z. Uprochnenie detalej mashin poverhnostnoj zakalkoj pri indukcionnom nagreve [Hardening of machine parts with surface hardened in induction heating]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1972. 287 p.