LAW OF FRICTION: FROM TRIBOLOGY TO TRIBO-FATIGUE. REPORT 1. CLASSICAL LAW OF (DRY) FRICTION AND NEED FOR ITS ADJUSTMENT

SOSNOVSKIY Leonid A., D. Sc. in Eng., Prof., Director, S&P GROUP TRIBOFATIGUE Ltd., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To date, many laws of Nature have been discovered. The knowledge of each of them led to the accelerated development of the relevant sections of Science and further, as a rule, to progress in any practical area of the  community of  people. The  empirical law of dry friction [1, 2], first formulated by Leonardo da Vinci 500 years ago, went down in  history of  technology as one of the most applicable laws in engineering calculations [3]. Moreover, our worldview is  unthinkable without an understanding of the general processes of movement with friction (as  well as movement without friction). All  this gives grounds to say: “Friction is an amazing phenomenon of nature” (D. Garkunov). Two hundred years later (after da Vinci) Amonton G., Coulomb C.A., and Euler L. [4–7] made a  decisive contribution to  the substantiation and understanding of the law of dry friction, and it became classical: the force of  sliding friction is proportional to  the  contact load. Studies show that the classical friction law for the tribo-fatigue system is  inaccurate and, therefore, inapplicable. It  was established experimentally that the error in estimating the  coefficient of friction in a tribo-fatigue system (for example, a  “wheel – rail” type, etc.) reaches 60...70  % or  more, if we use the classical law of friction for its analysis. Therefore, there is a problem of adjusting the classical law of friction. A set of  theoretical and experimental studies was carried out, the results of which make it possible to formulate a  generalized law of friction: the friction force is  proportional to both contact and non-contact volume loads, if  the  latter excites a  cyclic stress (strain) field in  the friction zone. This law describes all the experimental results (more than 100 values of  the friction coefficient) with an error of no more than ±6  %. The widespread use of the proposed generalized law of  friction in  the engineering is  considered as a very urgent task. In conclusion of the article, some directions for  further research (theoretical and  experimental) are formulated. The article is published in three reports.

friction law, tribology, friction pair, tribo-fatigue, tribo-fatigue system, friction force and coefficient, sliding, rolling, slipping, contact load, pressure, non-contact (volume) load, stress, strain

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