Title of the article ON THE CHOICE OF MODERN STRUCTURAL METAL MATERIAL FOR HIGH-DUTY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS. PART 1
Authors

SOSNOVSKIY Leonid A., D. Sc. in Eng., Prof., Professor of the Department “Locomotives”, Belarusian State University of Transport, Gomel, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

In the section TRIBO-FATIGUE SYSTEMS MECHANICS
Year 2022
Issue 3(60)
Pages 85–96
Type of article RAR
Index UDK 669.13.018; 669.131.7
DOI https://doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2022-3-60-85-96
Abstract It is shown that when solving the problems of assurance of quality, reliability, competitiveness of high-duty mechanical systems, metal and a complex of its mechanical and service properties are of fundamental importance. Steel cast iron MONICA (Mo–Ni–Cu) (patent BY, no. 15617) exhibits an unconventional and unique ability to lose brittleness (increase viscosity) with increasing strength. In terms of service properties, it is not inferior to alloyed heat-strengthened steels. This makes it possible to recommend it for the manufacture of various highly loaded parts and assemblies of modern technology. The article provides several examples of the effective use of MONICA for the manufacture of cast knives for cutting and chopping devices of forage harvesters (Hi-Tech), large-sized gear wheels with a diameter of 500 mm for final drives of agricultural combines (know-how), as well as experimental cast rails for railway transport (Hi-Tech). A complex of laboratory and full-scale tests has convincingly proved that one brand of a new structural material fully provides the required operational reliability of many and different tribo-fatigue systems, the performance of which is determined by many criteria (fatigue, wear, friction, crack resistance) under the action of high repetitive variables and shock-cyclic loads. This determines the unconditional efficiency and competitiveness of critical mechanical systems (tribo-fatigue systems) for modern machines and equipment.
Keywords metal; mechanical and service properties; limits of strength, fatigue, crack resistance; wear resistance; stress-strain and limit states; modification; microstructure; MONICA
  You can access full text version of the article.
Bibliography
  1. Ponomarev S.D. Raschety na prochnost v mashinostroenii. Tom 3 [Strength calculations in mechanical engineering. Volume 3]. Moscow, Mashgiz Publ., 1956–1959. 1115 p. (in Russ.).
  2. Grebenik V.M. Ustalostnaya prochnost i dolgovechnost metallurgicheskogo oborudovaniya [Fatigue strength and durability of metallurgical equipment]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1969. 256 p. (in Russ.).
  3. Birger I.A., et al. Konstruktsionnaya prochnost materialov i detaley gazoturbinnykh dvigateley [Structural strength of materials and parts of gas turbine engines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1981. 222 p. (in Russ.).
  4. Kudryavtsev I.V., Naumchenkov N.E., Savvina N.M. Ustalost krupnykh detaley mashin [Fatigue of large parts of machines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1981. 237 p. (in Russ.).
  5. Makhutov N.A. Deformatsionnye kriterii razrusheniya i raschet elementov konstruktsiy na prochnost [Deformation criteria of destruction and calculation of structural elements for strength]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1981. 272 p. (in Russ.).
  6. Oding I.A. Dopuskaemye napryazheniya v mashinostroenii i tsiklicheskaya prochnost metallov [Allowable stresses in mechanical engineering and cyclic strength of metals]. Moscow, Mashgiz Publ., 1962. 260 p. (in Russ.).
  7. Oleynik N.V. Vynoslivost detaley mashin [Endurance of machine parts]. Kiev, Tekhnika Publ., 1979. 199 p. (in Russ.).
  8. Pochtennyy E.K. Prognozirovanie dolgovechnosti i diagnostika ustalosti detaley mashin [Predicting durability and diagnosing fatigue of machine parts]. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1982. 246 p. (in Russ.).
  9. Trubin G.K. Kontaktnaya ustalost materialov dlya zubchatykh koles [Contact fatigue of materials for gears]. Moscow, Mashgiz Publ.,1962. 404 p. (in Russ.).
  10. Frolov K.V. Metody sovershenstvovaniya mashin i sovremennye problemy mashinostroeniya [Methods of improving machines and modern problems of mechanical engineering]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1984. 233 p. (in Russ.).
  11. Birger I.A., Schorr B.F., Iosilevich G.B. Raschet na prochnost detaley mashin [Calculation of the strength of machine parts]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1979. 702 p. (in Russ.).
  12. Boytsov V.V., et al. Puti snizheniya koeffitsientov zapasa prochnosti i metalloemkosti mashin pri odnovremennom povyshenii ikh nadezhnosti i dolgovechnosti [Ways to reduce the safety factors and metal consumption of machines while increasing their reliability and durability]. Vestnik mashinostroeniya, 1981, no. 11, pp. 46–49 (in Russ.).
  13. Kuznetsov A.A., Zolotov A.A., Komyagin V.A., Titov M.I. Nadezhnost mekhanicheskikh chastey konstruktsii letatelnykh apparatov [Reliability of mechanical parts of the design of aircraft]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1974. 144 p. (in Russ.).
  14. Pisarenko G.S. Sovremennye problemy prochnosti [Modern problems of strength]. Sovremennye problemy teoreticheskoy i prikladnoy mekhaniki, 1978, pp. 25–52 (in Russ).
  15. Reshetov D.N. Rabotosposobnost i nadezhnost detaley mashin [Performance and reliability of machine parts]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1974. 206 p. (in Russ.).
  16. Tselikov A.Ya., Reshetov D.N., Morozov B.A. Nadezhnost konstruktsiy i mekhanizmov [Reliability of structures and mechanisms]. Vestnik Akademii nauk SSSR, 1974, no. 12, pp. 37–42 (in Russ.).
  17. Tsitovich I.S., Dorozhkin N.N., Dyachenko V.A. Bezotkaznost i dolgovechnost traktorov selskokhozyaystvennykh masin [Reliability and durability of tractors and agricultural machines]. Minsk, Uradzhay Publ., 1977. 151 p. (in Russ.).
  18. Sosnovskiy L.A. Mekhanika ustalostnogo razrusheniya. Tom 2 [Fatigue failure mechanics. Volume 2]. Gomel, NPO “TRIBOFATIKA”, 1994 (in Russ.).
  19. Garkunov D.N. Tribotekhnika [Tribotechnics]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1985. 424 p. (in Russ.).
  20. Zhukovskiy N.E. Trenie bandazhey zheleznodorozhnykh koles o relsy. Tom 7 [Friction of bandages of railway wheels on rails. Volume 7]. Leningrad, Gostekhizdat Publ., 1950. Pp. 426–478 (in Russ.).
  21. Kragelskiy I.V., Dobychin M.V., Kombalov V.S. Osnovy raschetov na trenie i iznos [Basics of calculations for friction and wear]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1977. 526 p. (in Russ.).
  22. Drozdov Yu.N., Pavlov V.G., Puchkov V.N. Trenie i iznos v ekstremalnykh usloviyakh [Friction and wear in extreme conditions]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1986. 223 p. (in Russ.).
  23. Johnson K.L. Contact mechanics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985.
  24. Goryacheva I.G. Mekhanika friktsionnogo vzaimodeystviya [Mechanics of friction interaction]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2001. 478 p. (in Russ.).
  25. Bowden F.P., Tabor D. Friction and lubrication. London, Methuen, 1956. 150 p.
  26. Konovalov L.V. Nagruzhennost, ustalost, nadezhnost detaley metallurgicheskikh mashin [Loading, fatigue, reliability of parts of metallurgical machines]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1981. 280 p. (in Russ.)
  27. Sosnovskiy L.A. Statisticheskaya mekhanika ustalostnogo razrusheniya [Statistical mechanics of fatigue destruction]. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1987. 288 p. (in Russ.).
  28. Tsitovich I.S., Berestnev O.V. Puti povysheniya nadezhnosti mashin [Ways to improve machine reliability]. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1979. 81 p. (in Russ.).
  29. Birger I.A. Veroyatnost razrusheniya, zapasy prochnosti i diagnostika [Probability of destruction, safety factors and diagnostics]. Problemy mekhaniki deformirovannogo tverdogo tela, 1970, pp. 71–82 (in Russ.).
  30. Bolotin V.V. Statisticheskie metody v stroitelnoy mekhanike [Statistical methods in construction mechanics]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1965. 280 p.
  31. Kugel R.V. Nadezhnost mashin massovogo proizvodstva [Reliability of mass production machines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1981. 244 p. (in Russ.).
  32. Stepnov M.N., Giatsintov E.V. Ustalost legkikh konstruktivnykh splavov [Fatigue of light structural alloys]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1973. 317 p. (in Russ.).
  33. Troshchenko V.T., Sosnovskiy L.A. Soprotivlenie ustalosti metallov i splavov. Tom 2 [Resistance to fatigue of metals and alloys. Volume 2]. Kiev, Nauchnaya mysl Publ., 1987.
  34. Lebedev A.A., Kovalchuk B.I., Giginyak F.F., Lamashevskiy V.P. Mekhanicheskie svoystva konstruktsionnykh materialov pri slozhnom napryazhenii sostoyaniya [Mechanical properties of structural materials under complex stress]. Kiev, Nauchnaya mysl Publ., 1983. 366 p. (in Publ.).
  35. Pisarenko G.S., et al. Prochnost materialov i elementov konstruktsiy v ekstremalnykh usloviyakh. Tom 2 [Strength of materials and structural elements in extreme conditions. Volume 2]. Kiev, Nauchnaya mysl Publ., 1980.
  36. Fridman Ya.B. Mekhanicheskie svoystva metallov. Mekhanicheskie ispytaniya. Konstruktsionnaya prochnost. Chast 2 [Mechanical properties of metals. Mechanical tests. Structural strength. Part 2]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1974. 368 p. (in Russ.).
  37. Strazhev V.I., et al. Slovo o tribofatike [The word about tribo-fatigue]. Gomel, Minsk, Moscow, Kiev, Remika Publ., 1996. 132 p. (in Russ.).
  38. Sosnovskiy L.A. Mekhanika iznosoustalostnogo povrezhdeniya [Mechanics of wear and tear damage]. Tezisy dokladov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Problemy bezopasnosti na transporte” [Report abstracts of Internarnational scientific and practical conference “Transport safety problems”]. Gomel, 2000, p. 186 (in Russ.).
  39. Sherbakov S.S., Sosnovskiy L.A. Mekhanika tribofaticheskikh sistem [Mechanics of tribo-fatigue systems]. Minsk, Belorusskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Publ., 2011. 407 p. (in Russ.).
  40. Sosnovskiy L.A. Zakon treniya: ot tribologii k tribofatike. Soobshchenie 1. Klassicheskiy zakon sukhogo treniya i neobkhodimost ego korrektirovki [Law of friction: from tribology to tribo-fatigue. Report 1. Classical law of (dry) friction and need for its adjustment]. Mechanics of machines, mechanisms and materials, 2019, no. 1(46), pp. 64–76 (in Russ.).
  41. Sosnovskiy L.A. Zakon treniya: ot tribologii k tribofatike. Soobshchenie 2. Teoreticheskie issledovaniya [Law of friction: from tribology to tribo-fatigue. Report 2. Theoretical studies]. Mechanics of machines, mechanisms and materials, 2019, no. 2(47), pp. 66–77 (in Russ.).
  42. Sosnovskiy L.A. Zakon treniya: ot tribologii k tribofatike. Soobshchenie 3. Eksperimentalnye issledovaniya [Law of friction: from tribology to tribo-fatigue. Report 3. Experimental studies]. Mechanics of machines, mechanisms and materials, 2019, no. 4(49), pp. 95–106 (in Russ.).
  43. Sosnovskiy L.A. Osnovy tribofatiki [Fundamentals of tribo-fatigue]. Gomel, Belorusskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet transporta Publ., 2003. Vol. 1, 246 p., vol. 2, 234 p. (in Russ.)
  44. Sosnovskiy L.A., Zhuravkov M.A., Sherbakov S.S. Fundamentalnye i prikladnye zadachi tribofatiki [Fundamental and applied problems of tribo-fatigue]. Minsk, Belorusskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Publ., 2011. 488 p. (in Russ.).
  45. Lyungen Kh.B., Peters M., Shmele P. Proizvodstvo chuguna i stali [Iron and steel production]. Chernye metally, 2011, no. 9, pp. 18–25 (in Russ.).
  46. Keough J.R., Hayrynen K.L., Pioszak G.L. Designing with austempered ductile iron (ADI). AFS Proceedings 2010, 2010, 15 p.
  47. Roedter H. ADI – austemped ductile iron. Chuguny s sharovidnym i vermikulyarnym grafitom i austenitno-beynitnoy matritsey. Sovremennye materialy dlya litykh detaley, 2004, pp. 249–258.
  48. Proc. 1st International conference on austempered ductile iron “Your means to improved performance, productivity and cost”. Rosemont, 1984. 300 р.
  49. Proc. 2nd International conference on austempered ductile iron “Your means to improved performance, productivity and cost”. Ann Arbour, 1986. 463 р.
  50. Proceedings of the World conference on austempered ductile iron. Bloomingdale, 1991. 460 p.
  51. Gagne M., Hayrynen K.L. Environmental embrittlement of ductile iron. Proc. 8th International symposium on science and processing of cast iron. Beijing, 2006, pp. 452–457.
  52. Hayrynen K.L., Keough J.R., Kovacs B.V. Determination of mechanical properties in various ductile irons after subjecting them to long-term elevated temperatures. Available at: https:// citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1.732.2661&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
  53. Proceedings of the World conference on austempered ductile iron. Louisville, 2002. 524 p.
  54. Gapanovich V.А., Sosnovskiy L.А. What must surface hardness of rail be? Trudy 6 Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po tribofatike [Proc. 6th International symposium on tribo-fatigue]. Minsk, 2010, vol. 1, pp. 179– 186.
  55. Georgiev М.N. Fracture durability of railway rails. Kemerovo, ООО “Master-flag” Ltd, 2006. 212 p.
  56. Sosnovskiy L.A., Vitiaz P.A., Gapanovich V.A., Psyrkov N.V., Makhutov N.A. Chugun i stal v tribofaticheskikh sistemakh sovremennykh mashin i oborudovaniya [Iron and steel in tribo-fatigue systems for modern machinery and equipment]. Mechanics of machines, mechanisms and materials, 2014, no. 4(29), pp. 5–20 (in Russ.).
  57. Komissarov V.V., Zamyatnin V.O., Taranova E.S. Krupnogabaritnye zubchatye kolesa iz vysokoprochnogo chuguna [Largesized gears made of high-strength cast iron]. Materialy konferentsii “Zhivuchest i konstruktsionnoe materialovedenie” [Proc. conference “Survivability and structural materials science”]. Moscow, 2012, p. 26 (in Russ.).
  58. Psyrkov N.V., Komissarov V.V., Tyurin S.A., Taranova E.S. Opytnye krupnogabaritnye zubchatye kolesa dlya bortovykh reduktorov selskokhozyaystvennykh kombaynov iz spetsialnogo chuguna marki VChTG [Experimental large-sized gears for side gearboxes of agricultural combines made of special cast iron of the VChTG brand]. Aktualnye voprosy mashinovedeniya, 2013, iss. 2, pp. 391–394 (in Russ.).
  59. Komissarov V.V., Taranova E.S., Zamyatnin V.O., Psyrkov N.V., Sosnovskiy L.A. Sravnitelnaya otsenka rabotosposobnosti krupnogabaritnykh zubchatykh koles iz spetsialnogo chuguna marki VChTG i stali [Comparative assessment of the performance of large-sized gears made of special cast iron of VChTG and steel grade]. Tezisy dokladov 2 Mezdunarodnoy konferentsii SSMS-2014 “Zhivuchest i konstruktsionnoe materialovedenie” [Report abstracts of the 2nd International conference SSMS-2014 “Survivability and structural materials science”]. Moscow, 2014, p. 68 (in Russ.).
  60. Komissarov V.V., Taranova E.S., Drobyshevskiy P.S., Zamyatnin V.O., Tyurin S.A., Sosnovskiy L.A. Ob opyte izgotovleniya i ekspluatatsii zubchatykh koles iz novogo konstruktsionnogo materiala “MONIKA” [About experience of manufacture and maintenance of gears from the new structural material “MONICA”]. Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova, 2017, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 107–112 (in Russ.).
  61. Sosnovskiy L.A., Matvetsov V.I., Sherbakov S.S. O litykh relsakh iz novogo konstruktsionnogo materiala [On cast rails made of new structural material]. Nauka i obrazovanie transportu, 2016, no. 2, pp. 200–204 (in Russ.).
  62. Sosnovskiy L.A., Komissarov V.V., Matvetsov V.I., Miroshnikov N.E. Novyy konstruktsionnyy material dlya zheleznodorozhnykh relsov: mekhanicheskie i sluzhebnye svoystva [New structural material for iron and road rails: mechanical and service properties]. Bulletin of BSUT: science and transport, 2014, no. 2(29), pp. 77–82 (in Russ.).
  63. Matvetsov V.I., Miroshnikov N.E., Sosnovskiy L.A. Naturnye ispytaniya tyazhelykh zheleznodorozhnykh relsov iz chuguna VChTG [Full-scale tests of heavy railway rails made of cast iron VChTG]. Tezisy dokladov 2 Mezdunarodnoy konferentsii SSMS-2014 “Zhivuchest i konstruktsionnoe materialovedenie” [Report abstracts of International conference SSMS-2014 “Survivability and structural materials science”]. Moscow, 2014, p. 41 (in Russ.).
  64. Matvetsov V.I., Miroshnikov N.E. Opyt izgotovleniya i ispytaniy relsov dlinoy 6.5 m iz spetsialnogo chuguna [Experience in the manufacture and testing of 6.5 m long rails made of special cast iron]. Aktualnye voprosy mashinovedeniya, 2013, iss. 2, pp. 405–407 (in Russ.).
  65. Sosnovskiy L.A., Matvetsov V.I., Psyrkov N.V. Ob izgotovlenii zheleznodorozhnykh relsov iz vysokoprochnogo chuguna [On the manufacture of railway rails from high-strength cast iron]. Trudy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 100-letiyu professora M.A. Frishmana “Problemy vzaimodeystviya puti i podvizhnogo sostava” [Proc. International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Professor M.A. Frishman “Problems of interaction of track and rolling stock”]. Dnipropetrovsk, 2013, pp. 54–55 (in Russ.).
  66. State Standard 30638-99. Tribofatika: terminy i opredeleniya [Tribofatigue: terms and definitions]. Minsk, Mezhgosudarstvennyy sovet po standartizatsii, metrologii i sertifikatsii Publ., Belorusskiy sovet po standartizatsii i sertifikatsii Publ., 1999. 17 p. (in Russ.).