4_2022_sen_1

Title of the article AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS: ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CAVITATION MODES OF THE TORQUE CONVERTER AND HIGH-FREQUENCY RESONANT TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS OF MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
Authors

KRASNEVSKIY Leonid G., Corresponding Member of the NAS of Belarus, D. Sc. in Eng., Prof., Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Onboard Mechatronic Systems of Mobile Machines of the R&D Center
“Electromechanical and Hybrid Power Units of Mobile Machines”, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In the section MECHANICS OF MOBILE MACHINES
Year 2022
Issue 4(61)
Pages 5–18
Type of article RAR
Index UDK 62-235
DOI https://doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2022-4-61-5-18
Abstract Based on the analysis of foreign publications, a number of new scientific results are presented in the field of hydrodynamics of working fluid flows in torque converters (TC) of automatic hydromechanical transmissions (AHMT), including cavitation in TC, which were obtained using the new CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology as part of research to reduce the vibroacoustic loading of AHMT. CFD modelling methods
have shown that cavitation in a TC, along with the creation of noise and vibration, significantly degrades its characteristics (in the example given, the transformation coefficient is by 18.1 %, efficiency is by 5.8 %, turbine
torque is by 20.3 %), and also creates high-frequency oscillations in a wide range that can resonate with the natural frequencies of the AHMT components. The influence of structural and operational factors on cavitation
is investigated. The greatest cavitation occurs on the blades of the TC stator in stop mode when the car accelerates from a standstill. The results of CFD modelling are in good agreement with experimental data. CFD technology has become an effective tool for optimizing the design of an automotive TC, its blade system, flow part, visualization of internal flows, study of the mechanism of occurrence and impact of cavitation. The analysis of methods of attenuation of cavitation is carried out, including the selection and maintenance of the value of the TC recharge pressure. The presented provisions in Russian are published for the first time.
Keywords automatic hydromechanical transmission, torque converter, vibroacoustic loading, cavitation, computational fluid dynamics
  You can access full text version of the article.
Bibliography
  1. Middelmann V., Wagner U. The torque converter as a system. Available at: https://www.schaeffler.com/remotemedien/media/_ shared_media/08_media_library/01_publications/schaeffler_2/ symposia_1/downloads_11/6_Torque_Converter.pdf (accessed 20 August 2022).
  2. Automatic transmissions — a brief history. Available at: https://www.autorepairsanantonio.com/40-automatic-transmission-history (accessed 20 August 2022).
  3. Samie F., Lee C.J., Otanez P.G. Effective driveline vibration detection algorithm in transmission ТСС slip control. Patent US, no. 8,010,265 B2, 2011.
  4. Otanez P.G., Lee C.J., Samie F. Desired torque converter clutch slip feedback recovery algorithm for tip-in maneuvers. Patent US, no. 2011/0060509 A1, 2011.
  5. Antipenko G.L. Defekty i metody diagnostirovaniya mekhanicheskikh i gidromekhanicheskikh transmissiy [Defects and diagnostic methods of mechanical and hydromechanical transmissions]. Mogilev, Belorussko-Rossiyskiy universitet Publ., 2020. 243 p. (in Russ.).
  6. Gorbatenko N.N., et al. Diagnostirovanie gidromekhanicheskikh peredach mobilnykh mashin [Diagnostics of hydromechanical transmissions of mobile machines]. Mogilev, Belorussko-Rossiyskiy universitet Publ., 2010. 511 p. (in Russ.).
  7. Reginya V.V. Kompleksnaya sistema diagnostirovaniya tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya gidromekhanicheskoy peredachi s mekhatronnoy sistemoy upravleniya karernykh samosvalov BelAZ. Avtoref. diss. kand. tekhn. nauk [Comprehensive system for diagnosing the technical condition of a hydromechanical transmission with a mechatronic control system for BelAZ dump trucks. Extended Abstract of Ph. D. Thesis]. Minsk. 2018. 24 p. (in Russ.).
  8. Antonyuk V.E. Osobennosti konstruktsii i ekspluatatsii friktsionnykh diskov [Design and operation features of friction discs]. Mechanics of machines, mechanisms and materials, 2022, no. 2(59), pp. 39–46 (in Russ.).
  9. Derzhanskiy V.B., Taratorkin I.A. Prognozirovanie dinamicheskoy nagruzhennosti gidromekhanicheskikh transmissiy transportnykh mashin [Prediction of dynamic loading of hydromechanical transmissions of transport vehicles]. Yekaterinburg, Uralskoe otdelenie Rossiyskoy akademii nauk Publ., 2010. 176 p. (in Russ.).
  10. Taratorkin I.A. Razrabotka raschetnykh i eksperimentalnykh metodov snizheniya dinamicheskoy nagruzhennosti i povysheniya dolgovechnosti gidromekhanicheskikh transmissiy transportnykh mashin. Diss. dokt. tekhn. nauk [Development of computational and experimental methods for reducing dynamic loading and increasing the durability of hydromechanical transmissions of transport vehicles. D. Sc. Thesis]. Kurgan, 2009. 302 p. (in Russ.).
  11. Derzhanskiy V.B., Taratorkin I.A., Burakov E.A. Mekhanika i prognozirovanie rezonansnykh rezhimov metallokeramicheskikh diskov perspektivnykh gidromekhanicheskikh transmissiy transportnykh mashin [Mechanics and prediction of resonant modes of metal-ceramic discs of promising hydromechanical transmissions of transport vehicles]. BMSTU Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2007, no. 11, pp. 15–23 (in Russ.).
  12. Taratorkin A.I. Snizhenie dinamicheskoy nagruzhennosti friktsionnykh elementov upravleniya transmissiey transportnykh mashin metodom isklyucheniya parametricheskikh kolebaniy. Diss. kand. tekhn. nauk [Reduction of the dynamic loading of the friction control elements of the transmission of transport vehicles by eliminating parametric oscillations. Ph. D. Thesis]. Moscow, 2015. 16 p. (in Russ.).
  13. Taratorkin A.I. Prognozirovanie i snizhenie dinamicheskoy i vibroakusticheskoy nagruzhennosti energosilovykh blokov kolesnykh i gusenichnykh mashin na osnove sovershenstvovaniya modalnykh svoystv [Prediction and reduction of dynamic and vibroacoustic loading of power units of wheeled and tracked vehicles based on the improvement of modal properties]. Kurgan, Kurganskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Publ., 2021. 200 p. (in Russ.).
  14. Taratorkin A.I., Belevich A.V., Taratorkin I.A., Trusevich I.A. Strategy for optimizing the NVH parameters of the transport vehicle powertrain during its design. IOP Conference series: Materials science and engineering, 2020, vol. 971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/971/5/052085.
  15. Walber C., Blough J., Anderson C., Johnson M., Schweitzer J. Predicting cavitation desinence in automotive torque converters. Proceedings of ISMA2014 including USD2014, pp. 4079–4094.
  16. Prokofev V.N. Gidravlicheskie peredachi kolesnykh i gusenichnykh mashin [Hydraulic transmission of wheeled and tracked vehicles]. Moscow, Voennoe izdatelstvo Ministerstva oborony SSSR Publ., 1960. 300 p. (in Russ.).
  17. Kochkarev A.Ya. Gidrodinamicheskie peredachi [Hydrodynamic transmissions]. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1971. 336 p. (in Russ.).
  18. Robinette D., Anderson C., Blough J. Development of a dimensionless model for predicting the onset of cavitation in torque converters. New advances in vehicular and automotive engineering, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/45793.
  19. Robinette D.L. Detecting and predicting the onset of cavitation in automotive torque converters. Ph.D. Thesis. Michigan, 2007. 24 p.
  20. Liu C., Xiang C., Yan Q., Wei W., Watson C., Wood H.G. Development and validation of a CFD based optimization procedure for the design of torque converter cascade. Engineering applications of computational fluid mechanics, 2019, vol. 13, iss. 1, pp. 128–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2018.1562383.
  21. Dong Y., Korivi V., Attibele P., Yuan Y. Torque converter CFD engineering part II: performance improvement through core leakage flow and cavitation control. SAE 2002 world congress & exhibition. Detroit, 2002.
  22. Mekkes J., Anderson C., Narain A. Static pressure measurements and cavitation signatures on the nose of a torque converter’s stator blades. 10th international symposium on transport phenomena and dynamics of rotating machinery (ISROMAC). Honolulu, 2004. Available at: https://pages.mtu.edu/~narain/IJRM2.pdf (accessed 20 August 2022).
  23. Srinivasan C., Joshi D., Dhar S., Wang D. Dynamic three-dimensional CFD simulation of closed circuit torque converter systems. SAE international journal of passenger cars: mechanical systems, 2016, vol. 9, iss. 1, pp. 289–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1345.
  24. Liu C., Guo M., Yan Q., Wei W. Influence of charging oil condition on torque converter cavitation characteristics. Chinese journal of mechanical engineering, 2022, no. 35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-022-00727-y.
  25. Anderson C.L., Zeng L., Sweger P.O., Narain A., Blough J.R. Experimental investigation of cavitation signatures in an automotive torque converter using a microwave telemetry technique. International journal of rotating machinery, 2003, vol. 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/S1023621X03000381.
  26. Rivera E. De J. Pressure measurements inside multiple cavities of a torque converter and CFD correlation. Ph. D. Thesis. Houghton, 2018. Available at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/719 (accessed 20 August 2022).
  27. Guo M., Liu C., Yan Q., Wei W., Khoo B.C. The effect of rotating speeds on the cavitation characteristics in hydraulic torque converter. Machines, 2022, vol. 10, iss. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10020080.
  28. Pan X., Xinyuan C., Jianghong D., Liangcai Z., Feng Z. Application of slotted blade in the improvement of turbomachinery performance. AIP advances, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0041144.
  29. Ran Z., Ma W., Liu C. 3D cavitation shedding dynamics: cavitation flow-fluid vortex formation interaction in a hydrodynamic torque converter. Applied sciences, 2021, vol. 11, iss. 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062798.
  30. Liu C., Wei W., Yan Q., Weaver B.K. Torque converter capacity improvement through cavitation control by design. Journal of fluids engineering, 2016, vol. 139, iss. 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4035299.