MODELING ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF SPACE-REINFORCED FLEXIBLE CURVED PANELS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT POSSIBLE WEAKENED RESISTANCE TO TRANSVERSE SHEARS

YANKOVSKII Andrei P., D. Sc. in Phys. and Math., Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Fast Processes Physics, Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

A mathematical model of elastic-plastic behavior of flexible curved panels with spatial reinforcement structures is  developed. The inelastic deformation of the composition components is described by the theory of plastic flow with isotropic hardening. The possible weakened resistance of composite panels to transverse shears is taken into account in the framework of the non-classical Reddy theory, and the geometric nonlinearity is considered in the  Karman approximation. The solution of the formulated initial-boundary value problem is obtained by an explicit numerical “cross” scheme. The bending inelastic behavior of “flat”- and spatially-reinforced cylindrical panels under the action of dynamic loads of explosive type is investigated. The glass-plastic and metal-composite structures are considered. It is shown that for relatively thick glass-plastic panels (and in some cases for relatively thin ones), the replacement of the flat-cross structure of the reinforcement with the spatial structure leads to a decrease in the deflection of the composite structure by several tens of percent. In cases of metal-composite panels, such replacement of reinforcement structures practically does not lead to a decrease in their flexibility in the transverse direction.

curved panels, spatial reinforcement, Reddy theory, geometric nonlinearity, elastic-plastic deformation, explosive load, “cross” scheme

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LAW OF FRICTION: FROM TRIBOLOGY TO TRIBO-FATIGUE. REPORT 1. CLASSICAL LAW OF (DRY) FRICTION AND NEED FOR ITS ADJUSTMENT

SOSNOVSKIY Leonid A., D. Sc. in Eng., Prof., Director, S&P GROUP TRIBOFATIGUE Ltd., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

To date, many laws of Nature have been discovered. The knowledge of each of them led to the accelerated development of the relevant sections of Science and further, as a rule, to progress in any practical area of the  community of  people. The  empirical law of dry friction [1, 2], first formulated by Leonardo da Vinci 500 years ago, went down in  history of  technology as one of the most applicable laws in engineering calculations [3]. Moreover, our worldview is  unthinkable without an understanding of the general processes of movement with friction (as  well as movement without friction). All  this gives grounds to say: “Friction is an amazing phenomenon of nature” (D. Garkunov). Two hundred years later (after da Vinci) Amonton G., Coulomb C.A., and Euler L. [4–7] made a  decisive contribution to  the substantiation and understanding of the law of dry friction, and it became classical: the force of  sliding friction is proportional to  the  contact load. Studies show that the classical friction law for the tribo-fatigue system is  inaccurate and, therefore, inapplicable. It  was established experimentally that the error in estimating the  coefficient of friction in a tribo-fatigue system (for example, a  “wheel – rail” type, etc.) reaches 60...70  % or  more, if we use the classical law of friction for its analysis. Therefore, there is a problem of adjusting the classical law of friction. A set of  theoretical and experimental studies was carried out, the results of which make it possible to formulate a  generalized law of friction: the friction force is  proportional to both contact and non-contact volume loads, if  the  latter excites a  cyclic stress (strain) field in  the friction zone. This law describes all the experimental results (more than 100 values of  the friction coefficient) with an error of no more than ±6  %. The widespread use of the proposed generalized law of  friction in  the engineering is  considered as a very urgent task. In conclusion of the article, some directions for  further research (theoretical and  experimental) are formulated. The article is published in three reports.

friction law, tribology, friction pair, tribo-fatigue, tribo-fatigue system, friction force and coefficient, sliding, rolling, slipping, contact load, pressure, non-contact (volume) load, stress, strain

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ABOUT CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF WORKING CAPACITY OF BALL JOINTS OF A VEHICLE CHASSIS. PART 1. CALCULATION BY SRENGTH CRITERION

BOGDANOVICH Alexander V., D. Sc. in Eng., Assoc. Prof., Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The ball joints of vehicles are referred to the steering and suspension critical units. Strength calculation of the ball pin under static loading is usually performed in the practice of designing these units. In the article, the ball joint is considered as a tribo-fatigue system in which the zones that are dangerous in terms of bending stresses and wear are separated from each other, but are caused by the same load. The necessity of estimating the fatigue resistance of the  ball pin and taking into account the uneven distribution of wear over the mating surfaces of the ball head and the  liner is shown. The work is done in 2 parts. In the first part, the evaluation of the static and fatigue strength of the  ball pin is discussed, and in the second, the assessment of the wear resistance of the joint elements and the  proposal for a new method for testing the joint model are discussed.

ball joint, strength, wear resistance, friction, contact pressure, wear rate, tribo-fatigue system,
wear-and-fatigue tests

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RESISTANCE TO CONTACT FATIGUE OF COARSE-GRAINED GEARS OF CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS

RUDENKO Sergei P., Ph. D. in Eng., Leading Researcher, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

VALKO Aleksandr L., Senior Researcher, Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

SHYSHKO Sergei A., Deputy General Designer, OJSC “BELAZ” — Management Company of Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING”, Zhodino, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

KARPOVICH Peter G., Head of the Design Office, OJSC “BELAZ” — Management Company of Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING”, Zhodino, Republic of Belarus, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The results of complex studies of coarse-grained gears made of carburized chromium-nickel steel 20Kh2N4A are presented. It is shown that with the stable operation of thermal equipment fitted with computer-aided systems for automatic control of the parameters of the technological process of chemical heat treatment in coarse-grained gears of steel 20Kh2N4A, a diffusion layer is formed with a surface hardness of 60–61 HRC and an effective thickness (0.08–0.1)m to a microhardness of 750 HV0.2. It is found that the increased kinematic error after chemical heat treatment of gears made of steel 20Kh2N4A leads to uneven removal of the allowance at the final grinding of the teeth, which is the reason for reducing the resistance of contact fatigue in the local area of the diffusion layers of the teeth.

coarse-grained gear wheels, chromium-nickel steel, chemical heat treatment, kinematic error, resistance to contact fatigue

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